Search results for: 'Public deficit'

Explains the issues of the economic environment: unemployment, inflation, economic cycle, public and trade deficits and competitiveness. Also goes into some ideas about global financial crises, models used to exit them and some implications of the "new economy".

This technical note substitutes the previous one EC2-011 "Inflación, Paro, Competitividad y el Largo Plazo" that is no longer available.

This technical note is introductory to a course on the economic environment of businesses. It provides an overview of the main problems of the economic environment, some explanatory ideas and models and a first glance at the main macroeconomic issues: growth and the cycle, unemployment, inflation, public deficit and structural deficit. Some ideas on government intervention in the economy and the global economic environment are also presented.

In the second part, the characteristics of the main models that are used in the analysis of the economic environment of businesses are presented and the main indicators of economic output are defined: income, expenditure, prices and population. We will start from the circular flow of income model, the version that distinguishes the goods market from the factory one as well as the macroeconomic adaptation that identifies the moment of expenditure, output and income. After defining the main variables, the various models that are usually used are briefly reviewed. Some concepts on the analysis of the datasets are provided before. At the end, a number of important clarifications are explained to avoid different economic concepts from being misunderstood.

On the last pages, an overview of building the aggregate supply and aggregate demand model is provided. We will use it as the basis for understanding how the economy works as a whole.

This technical note substitutes the previous ones EC2-001 "Entorno Económico: Dirigiendo Empresas en la Economía Global" and EC2-002 "Indicadores Económicos y Análisis de Coyuntura" that are no longer available.

This note provides an exhaustive review of economic policy and is broken into six parts that explain historical, conceptual and economic policy elements necessary for understanding the current state of the global economy. It begins by covering a historical review of world policy and goes into detail about how the economy of various countries has developed, especially after the Second World War. The second part covers fiscal policy and focuses on aspects of public sector activity such as taxation, budget and deficit financing as well as recessions, how they affect different classes and how social suffering is distributed through fiscal and macroeconomic adjustments. The third part discusses how money affects economic activity and employment and the effects of expanding the money supply using historical examples. The next part provides details on the policies and events around the world leading to the Great Recession. Then, the economy of Latin America and its recessions are discussed, with a special focus on Venezuela, Brazil, Mexico and Chile. Lastly, the text goes into exchange rate policy and describes different regimes and how the regime is selected for different countries.